二甲醚闪急沸腾喷雾的实验研究(英文)

The high-speed digital imaging technique is applied to observe the developing process of flash boiling spray of dimethyl ether at low ambient pressure, and the effects of nozzle opening pressure and nozzle hole diameter on the spray shape, spray tip penetration and spray angle during the injection are investigated. The experimental results show that the time when the vortex ring structure of flash boiling spray forms and its developing process are determined by the combined action of the bubble growth and breakup in the spray and the air drag on the leading end of spray; with the enhancement of nozzle opening pressure, the spray tip penetration increases and the spray angle decreases. The influence of nozzle hole diameter on the spray tip penetration is relatively complicated, the spray tip penetration is longer with a smaller nozzle hole diameter at the early stage of injection, while the situation is just opposite at the later stage of injection. This paper establishes that the variation of spray angle is consistent with that of nozzle hole diameter.     

橡胶沥青防水黏结层施工工艺及黏结性能

鉴于我国因防水和黏结原因引起的桥面铺装层早期损坏日趋加重的局面,通过对桥面板处理及检测分析得知,采用抛丸处理方法能使界面达到使用要求;对橡胶沥青防水黏结层施工过程中的施工温度、洒布质量、养护等提出控制要求;结合室内和现场防水黏结层与桥面板的黏结力试验结果得出,二者具有较好的相关性。     

旋喷法改善可液化地基的方法

分析了砂土液化的机理及形成条件,率先提出了利用旋喷法处理砂土液化,并介绍了旋喷法提高地基抗液化的加固机理及地基处理设计方法,旋喷法处理砂土液化具有经济、快速、实用、高效等特点。     

青藏公路多年冻土路段边坡植被种植试验研究

针对青藏公路多年冻土路段高、寒、旱、风,植物生长期短,植被种植难度大的特点,在青藏公路开心岭路段的边坡,采用垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和老芒麦(E.sibiricus)等植物混播,采用普通喷播及客土喷播工艺,开展了植被种植试验.结果表明,由于添加了当地的表土,客土喷播工艺能够在该地区公路边坡快速建立比较优良的植被.喷播当年,植被覆盖率可达27.3%,地上生物量(鲜重)和地下生物量(干重)分别达到76.3 g·m-2和72.2g·m-2;第5年,边坡植被覆盖率约为10.0%,地上生物量(鲜重)和地下生物量(干重)分别达到189.3 g·m-2和721.5 g·m-2.客土喷播工艺的植被建植效果明显优于普通喷播工艺.对于普通喷播,增加保水刺和凝结剂的用量,可提高植被建植效果.而添加纤维则作用不明显.     

隧道衬砌混凝土养护工艺研究

养护的温度、湿度、时间是保证混凝土养护质量的关键,及时有效的养护是提高隧道衬砌混凝土强度和耐久性的必要手段。隧道衬砌混凝土的养护应在拆模后立即实施,才能保证混凝土质量。以强度作为养护效果的评价标准,从养护效果的优劣上讲,标准养护>洒水养护(人工)>喷雾养护>喷淋养护>养护剂养护>半自然养护。推荐喷雾养护(非雾炮车)和喷淋养护作为隧道衬砌养护的主要手段。采用喷淋养护时会造成混凝土表面强度的降低,当采用回弹法作为主要手段进行检测时应引起注意。隧道拱顶布管自动喷淋养护、隧道拱顶布管双流体养护、喷雾养护系统等几种新型养护工艺有其科学合理性,值得推广应用。     

大断面隧道PM500PC型机械手喷射混凝土配套施工技术

目前我国长大重难点隧道施工技术突飞猛进,但在隧道施工环境、机械化配套方面与世界相比仍存在较大差距。本文依托厦(门)—深(圳)铁路梅林隧道大断面机械手喷射混凝土施工,详细介绍了PM500PC型机械手的结构组成、适用条件、操作要点等内容,重点对机械手喷射混凝土作业时的灵活性、快速性、方便性、工前准备时间短、使用经济性、施工安全性等六个方面进行了阐述,并与传统湿喷机械进行了比较分析,为普及推广使用机械手喷射混凝土提供了良好的经验借鉴。     

喷射钢纤维混凝土的工程特性及在隧道工程中的应用

介绍了湿喷钢纤维混凝土的工程特性及在布陇箐隧道中的应用,包括“湿喷法”钢纤维混凝土的力学性能指标、材料选择、配合比设计、现场试验、施工工艺等。     

车用直喷汽油机喷雾特性研究

利用高速摄影在定容弹内对缸内直喷汽油机多孔喷油器进行喷雾特性试验研究,揭示了直喷高速液体射流的喷雾特性(贯穿距、喷雾锥角)与无量纲数(韦伯数、雷诺数及气液密度比)之间的关系。结果表明,韦伯数和气液密度比对喷雾宏观特性有显著的影响,雷诺数对喷雾特性的影响不明显。     

Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Fuel Viscosity on the Spray Characteristics of Diesel Nozzle

This paper presented an investigation of atomization characteristics including the velocity vector field and the mean droplet sizes for different percentages of DMM-diesel blended fuels using a phase doppler anemometry (PDA) analyzer system. Based on the fuel design concept, an oxygenated fuel named dimethoxy methane (DMM), which has lower viscosity, surface tension, and boiling point, was used to blend with diesel. The experiments were carried out under atmospheric conditions on a single-hole type diesel nozzle, liquid conditions comprise a temperature of 298 K under the needle valve opening pressure of 6 MPa. The results show that the sauter mean diameter (SMD) and spray cone angle of blended fuels decrease with the increase of DMM content; the axial mean velocity in the centerline increases with the increase of DMM. However, the spray behavior of blended fuel in which DMM exceeds 75% is virtually identical to that of neat DMM. The measurement also reveals the existence of an "S" shape in the radial mean velocity variations with radial distance.     

香炉山隧道消防系统的选择与设计

香炉山隧道全长约2 400 m,为目前辽宁省在建高速公路最长隧道。根据隧道长度和远期交通量,隧道消防等级为A级。隧道消防设施采用灭火器 消火栓给水系统 固定式水成膜泡沫灭火装置 泡沫-细水雾灭火系统。香炉山隧道冬季平均气温在-15℃,消防给水管道保温系统采用"电伴热为主,管道保温为辅"的技术措施来解决冬季保温问题。